SEESKAH HIDDAHA SOOMAALIDA
The Basic Traditional Education in Somalia
Somali Version

MUUSE GALAAL

MUQDISHO
Ogost, 1969

KEY TO THE SOMALI TEXT
C –
Hh –
Kh –
Dh –
G –
J –

QAYBTA RUKUMMADA: (THE TITLES OF THE MAIN FACTORS)

i. Aqoon
ii. Xurmo waalid
iii. Xurmo culimo
iv. Dul iyo dad wad
v. Edab iyo Xishood – Xarraggo iyo Gobannimo
vi. Muslinnimada
vii. Wax-sheegnimo
viii. Dawo
ix. Garta
x. Dal iyo dad aqoon
xi. Hiyir iyo Hubsiino
xii. Feejigo
xiii. Waddaninnimo
xiv. Samir iyo Calool-adayg.

QAYBTA IYO SEESKA MURTIDA: (CATEGORICAL LITERATURES ON THOSE FACTORS)

1. AQOON

1. Ilaahay adduun ha ka baryin ee aqoon ka bari. (Hiddo)
2. Nin waliba kaskiisuu kor-tagaa. (Hiddo)
3. Aqoon yar edeb ku kaalmayso; itaal yarna asaboob. (Hiddo)
4. Waxaan ha deyine waxa ka shisheeya day. (Hiddo)
5. In dheer garato ragna waa ku yar tahay; haweenna kumaba jirto. (Hiddo)
6. Waayeel ha gurina ee wax aqoon gura. (Suldaan Diiriye Raage)
7. Nin rag ahna geel daaqsiintii baa wax loo mariyaa, doqonna qaanso kurkurkeed. (Hiddo)
8. Nin waliba kaskiisuu kor tagaa. (Hiddo)
9. Nin waliba intuu gaadhuu gooyaa. (Hiddo)
10. Rag aqoon talo-gal. (Hiddo)
11. Wale rag waa nooli
12. Nin aan waxa soo socda garani, waxa jooga ma garto. (Hiddo)
13. Dhar hu ma’ha ee aqoon baa hu ah. (Hiddo)
14. Ilaahow aqoonta ha naga habaabin; (Hiddo)
15. Nin dalleensan iyo naagahaa loo dedaa hadale; diirkaan ka garan xaajadaad, dabaqo saartaane. (Qamaan Bulxan)
16. Dushaan kala faqaa niman haddaan war u daliilayne (Salaan-Carrabey)

17. Waxaa la yiri afar nin baa walaalo ahaa. Nin wuxuu ahaa Caalin, ninna Geesi, ninna Deeqsi, ninna Abwaan. Afartii nin baa is qabatay. Waxay isku qabteen taladii reerka.
Caalinkii baa yiri, “Talada ha lay daayo, maxaa yeelay idinku caammaad tihiin. Nin caamma ihina waa nin indhoola. Aniga diintaan aqaan. Kolkaa waa inaad aniga talada ii deysaan.”
Markaasaa Geesi kacay. Wuxuu yiri, “Nimanyahow waa ogtihiinoo anigu geesi baan ahay. Nin alla ninkii soo duulana warankaygaas baan geliyaa. Haddaan aniga layga cabsanayna waa horaa laydin dhici lahaa. Kolkaas haddii aan anigu ahay ninkii idiin daafacaayey, dee waa in aniga talada lay daayaa.”
Deeqsi baa soo booday, wuxuu yiri, “Bal horta aniga deeqsi baan ahay. Waxaad ku dhaqantihiinna waa gacantayda. Iyada ayaa ragna idinka jeedisa, xirsixidhna idin ah. Maantayna rag ayaa hunguri ama il idinku dili lahaa. Kolkaa waa inaad aniga talada ii daysaan.”
Abwaankii oo u dambeeyaa kacay. Wuxuu yidhi, “War hooy bal saddexdiinuba saddex nin oo loo baahan yahay baad tihiin. Midkiinna lagama maarmo. Waxaase jira saddexdiina ninba meel gaar ah ayuunbuu wax-ka-qabashadeeda yaqaan ee reer ma wadi karo. Wadaadow adigu hanuuniyaad tahay, Geesiyow daafacaad tahay, Deeqsiyowna sooraad tahay. Aniguse dhammaantiin baan ahay. Ninka isku kiin wadaa waa aniga. Cilmi waa maxay? Dee waa caqli la ururshey. Geesina? Dee ka dirira uun maaha ee dhul badanoo kalaa iyana geesinnimo u baahan. Deeqina aqoon bay u baahan tahay. War aniga talada ii daaya.”
Afartii nin way heshiin waayeen. Markaasay aguugeen oo wax kala saara doonteen. Degmay u tageen. Waa u warrameen. “War na kala saara.” Degmadii waxay tidhi, “Bal waa tahaye Weeshu libaax affarran bay leedahay, habeen walbana qof baa loo xidhaa. Dee awel degmadaa habeenba qof u xidhijirtaye, dee caawa haddii Eebbe idin keenay horta ninkii iska soo saara.”
Sidaadii la yidhaa afartii libaax isa soo taagtay. Dadkii degmadana wayska dareeray. Hadday dhiillaabeen oo shib la yidhaa Abwaan kacoo yidhi, “War Caalin, diin inagaga akhri.” Suu ye, “Maantaruu libaaxu leeyahayoo, soo dhaaf.” Suu ye, “War geesi.” Suu ye, “Hubba ma sito.” Suu ye, “War Deeqsi!” Suu ye, “Qudheydaaba gaajaysan.” “Ma wada diiddeen? Bal hadda iga eega.”
Libaaxyadii buu ku jeestay, “War waa afarta libaax annagu nin waa idiin soo saaraynaa. Ninkase cad la yidhaa ‘Johorad’ oo cimriga dheereeya ayaa ku jira. Bal idinkuna kii calkaa cuni lahaa soo saara.”
Markaasaa gooshi soo booddoo tidhi, “Waa aniga.” Markaasaa aarkii dhirbaaxo qaadayoo dheg iyo dhaban fujiyey oo meesha ka tuuray. Say halkay isku qabsadeen. Cabbaar markay dirireen baa baranbarqadiiyarayd e dhaddigeyd tidhi, “Waa ani.” Markaasaa yarkii kale dhirbaaxo qaadoo dheg iyo dhaban jebshey. Markii afartii libaax labiyo labo isu qabsadeen buu yidhi, “War haye hadda intay qaybsanyihiin ee is haystaan idinna geesta kala gala.” Markaasay dusha kaga dhufteen oo afartiiba dhinteen. Dabadeedna degmadii baa soo baxday. Waxaa la yidhi, “War kiinnee shaqadaan fiican qaatay.” Waxay yidhaahdeen, “Abwaan.” Markaasaa la yidhi, Abwaanow lagu boqor; dunidana adigu u tali.” Halkaasaa Abwaan taliye ku noqday.

XURMO-WAALID (Respect for Parents)
1. Ilaahow wixii I dhalay ha cadaabin. (Hiddo)
2. Nimaad dhashay kuma dhalin, dhowaantaad u qabtana kuuma qabo. (Hiddo)
3. Nin waalidkiis noolyahay qosol uma bannaana. (Hiddo)
4. Waalid weedh xun laguma cesho. (Hiddo)
5. Ilaahow dadka aabbiyo hooyo. (Hiddo)
6. Aabbahaa iyo hooyadaa mid hal cadaabo afkaa ka hala haysa. (Hiddo)
7. Nin hooyadii guri kaga guuray, aayadii uma negaado. (Hiddo)
8. Habaar waa Alla maagid; oo inkastaad eray jaani iyo aweytuu qarisaan; ood ku wada dhuumataan, ninkaan waalidkii eray xun odhan, ehelu naar maaha. (Kete-fiqi)
9. Xabaalo waalid baa xoolo laga helaa. (Hiddo)
10. Nin walba habartii waw hal madheedha. (Hiddo)
11. Waalid-inkaar. (Used more commonly than its opposite, “Cuqle-waalid”)
12. Habaar waalid haankuu duudsadaa. (Hiddo)
13. Nin habaar waalid qaba hilin lagulama baqdo. (Hiddo)
14. Ishii waalid lagu deyey e tan biqin, ka lagu deyeyna hore waalidkii ugu deyey, oo kayd u yaal bay ahayd. (Hiddo)
15. Dhul waa waalid, Waalidna waa wixii la gashadaa. (Hiddo)
16. Nin dhashiisa arkow waalid ma wax loo dhirfa baa? (Hiddo)
17. Ninkii waalid quudhaa, wuxuu qoomammeeya, Markuu qoodhiyo xero ka deego ee uu labadiisa qar midna qaadan waayaa. (Hiddo)

XURMO-CULIMO (Respect for Religious Leaders)

MUSLINNIMADA

a) Weerdigiyo shahaada inaan weheshadaa weeye.
Weysada salaaddeed inaan waaxidsado weeye,
Wannahaarka soon inaan soor, wasna cunin weeye,
Waxaddayda maal inanan dago, waxar ku dayn weeye,
Wixii waajiboo idil inaan, wada gutaa weeye,
Waqfigii saxabiga inaan, waafaqsado weeye,
Wacad Eebbe iyo dhaar an maray, inan wafayn weeye,
Waalle beena abadkay inanan, welefedayn weeye,
Haddii aanan waalayn inaan, waabsanahay weeye,
Wallays iyo nin weyn inan xurmada, wada simaa weeye,
Nin i soo waciidsaday inaan, wax u lillayn weeye,
Wayi iyo wax-siin inaan Islaan, ugu wadaa weeye,
Wadaadkii kitaabboleh inaan, wan u qalaa weeye,
Welaalis inan meel dugoon ugu wadhaa weeye,
Walanqaha iyo dhayada inuu walamsadaa weeye,
Ina walabbanoo kale inaan, weger idhaa weeye,
Wax i sii hadduu yadhi inaan, waran daraa weeye,
Walbahaarka aakhiro inaan, wax u tabcaa weeye,
Waxsanoo an docniyo inaan, wax xun nacaa weeye,
Wagashnimo mafiicnaa e inaan, wabar noqdaa weeye
(Sayid Maxamad)

b) Degmo idil dad maal yaal ninkii, dux iga soo moodey,
Dug maanaa ka odhan kara bakhayl, derejo loo waaye.
(Koor-Jaan)

c) Saddex hal wayga maan dedan,
Ninka maranti doora leh,
Ee tu kale u marase tegey,
Ninka maal adduunyo leh
Ee marti Nebi kadhan dhigay.
Garta lays mocoorriyoy
Ay laba markhaati oogeen
Ee mooyi mooyi laga naqay.
(Hiddo)

d) Bakhayl nin maaha. (Maxamuud Cali Qablax)

e) Beenlow waa fallalow. (Hiddo, Cabdullaahi Qarshi)

f)

NOTE: Haddii murti kale oo ku saabsan Islaamka loo baahdo, ha la dhigto:-
1. Gabayga Salaan ee ka bilaaba, “Cabdiyow wadeeciyo adduun, way ka bixiqaaye.”
2. Gabayga Cismaan Sharmaake ee ka bilaaba, “Isinka Allaa…”
3. Gabayga Sayid Maxamad ee ka bilaaba “Nin Ilaah yaqaan oo sharciga.”

VII. WAX-SHEEGNIMO (Being an Expert)

(I) Taawisha Roobka: (Weather Forecast)
(A)
i. Dab-shid, (Dab-tuur, Nanriish , Kalaguur, Is-tun)
ii. Dab-shid ilaa dab-shid – 365 habeen
iii. (Always 1st to 4th August)
iv. Axal: og, war xaggee cirka axashiisu fadhidaa sannadka?

(B)
i. Sabbuux jimce laba ka weydaa wankaa-qaladle.
ii. Awrkaa-qalad.
iii. Diin iyo dameer-qalad.
iv. Laba maalisley.
v. Laba maylinley.

(C)
Xiddig habartii waa waabberis, Wabbay ku bilataaba,
Ama weysha qala, bay ku odhan, way tabaaq dhigaye,
Ama weelka culo bay ku odhan, iyo wac iyo aabi.

(D)
Dambasamo wacaalkiis la qaayaa cir waakaday leh.

(E)
Bilo-Dirir iyo bilo dambasame.

(F)
Dirir-Gu: (Burco system)
I) Toddob, ama Hubar Adhi
ii) Daydo, Amminla ama ceel-ka-geeye
iii) Seerma-weydo, Sammuulad ama Fushade
iv) Adhi Caseeye
v) Dirir Sagaare

II. GODAD: (Lunar stations)
Siddeed iyo labaatan godood:

Qadan
Distan
Laxo
Laax-Oor, Cadaad ama Galgaal
Agaali-Cas
Agaali-Cad
Afaggaal
Naaf-Cadde (Qambaar)
Naaf-Madoobe
Tar
Majin
Kuxdin-Awr
Naaso-Gaallo
Dirir
Garbo
Layaxow
Gudban
Lib-Cas
Khoorrey
Mareego-Dheer
Madhan
Faruur-Cirir
Jed-Kabaarre
Jed-Dhiriqle
Jed-Gaanale
Jed-Durruqle
Duugaanti ama Duugato
Farangaag
(29 iyo 30) Dulbad (laba habeen)

III. UUGTA (Planets)
Qorrax
Dayax
Dhayl-Guduud ama Dusaa
Maqal-Xidh-Xidh ama Maxaro-Xidh
Saxal
Mariikh
Cirjiidh, Gobdhawr ama Saxal-Cadde
Kurjub

IV. BILAHA MAGACYADOODA: (Somali names for the 12 months)
Sako ama Dago
Rajal-Hore ama Naal-ma-doone
Doone Rajal-Dhexe Ban-Dambe
Rajal-Dambe
Bil-Dhurro-Hore ama Safar
Bil-Dhurro-Dambe ama Mawliid
Sabbuux ama Aw-Cismaan
Waabberiis ama Aboowsan
Soon
Soon-Fur
Sidataal
Carafo ama Arrafo

V. XIDDIGAHA CAANKA AH: (The most significant stars and constellations)
Hal-Toddobaaddo, Wadama-Xooro; Jaah, Jiitin-Cirir, Awr-Cir, Ximin, Xoomir, Dirir-Dirir-Dhawr, Dambasamo, Dhex-ka-shilis (Moodiyo Sagal)

VI. XILLIYADA: Seasons
[Xilli Gu]
Gu
Xagaa

[Xilli Jiilaal]
Dayr
Jiilaal

VII. DABAYLAHA: (Winds)
Hoohad ama Foore
Xagaashin ama Khariif
Jiilaashin
Bari-ka-Dhac
Laydh
Walwal
Ufo
Leexo

VIII. KULKA: (Heat)
Kaad
Kil
Hanfar, Hanfi ama Xanfar
Hannas

IX. QABOWGA: (Cold)

Qabow
Geydh
Dheel
Haamadday

X. ROOBKA: (Rains)
Shuux
Tumay
Hogol
Jir
Mahiigaan

NOTE: All materials under this above heading are traditional.
DAWADA: (MEDICINE)
1. Dhirta dhiigga joojisa: Anti-Homorhage plants and medicine
a) Wancad, ama Sooma-gale ama Soonah: Xididkeedaa la qaniinaa ama la calashadaa.
b) Waxaro-waalis: Ubaxeeda, diirkeeda ama xididkeedaa nabarka la saaraa inta la calasho ama la tumo.
c) Gunre: Caleentiisa ama qolofta ama xabagtiisa ayaa nabarka la marshaa, amba asalkiisaanabarka lagu maydhaa.
d) Ridmo: Waa caws gaaggaaban oo dhulka ku rambaadha. Xididkiisaa la calashadaa.
e) Dareemo: Xididkeedaa qofka dhiigbaxaya afka loo geliyaa la yidhaa calasho, ama la tumaa nabarka lagu shubaa ama la marshaa.
f) Sarin: Xididkiisaa la tumaayoo nabarka dhiigbaxaya lagu shubaa ama la marshaa.
g) Kariiri: Caleenteeda oo la tumay ama la calashey dheecaankeedaa lagu tif siiyaa.
h) Gororkana: Uneexada xididkeedaa lagu dheecaanshaa.

2. SHARBADAHA: (Laxatives and Tonics)
a) Jalcelo ama salalmaki: Geedkoo dhan baa la karshaa biyihiisa inta la shaandheeyo la cabbaa.
b) Xabag: Hadi biyaa xabagta lagu qooshaa, dabadeedna inta la shaandheeyaa la cabbaa. Dabeedna calooshaa baxda kaadiduna waa badataa dabeed kalyahaa safooba.
c) Dacar-biyoodda: Nakhligeeda yar ee markaa soo baxay oo loo calaashado oo biyo lagu qooshayna biyeheedaa la cabbaa.
d) Geedkase ugu xoog weyn waxaa la yidhaa Bogox-u-jeed, badhidiisaa la cunaa , dabeedna caano dhayaa laa dhamaa.

3. QARAARIS: (Antidotes against snake bites)
Toon
Basal
Xildiid
Timir
Sonkor

4. QUFACA: (Against T.B.)
a) Badhi idaad oo la cabo.
b) Tiiraha oo la karsado.
c) Gaggaboodka oo isagana xididkiisa la tumoo la karshoo inta la shaandheeyo sida shaaha loo cabo.
d) Subagga gorayda oo la cabbo.

NOTE: All the materials given under this above heading are based on traditional, also.

GARTA: (Law cases)

DAL IYO DAD-AQOON: (Geography)

HIYIR IYO HUBSIINNO: (Carefulness)

FEEJIGO: (Caution)

WADDANINNIMO: (Patriotism)
1. Yaahuu. (Axmed Gurey)

SAMIR IYO CALOOL-ADAYG: (Being Resolute)

ANNEX (I)
Minanka Faalka – (The main stations of the future telling)

Faalku waa toddoba iyo toban min. Saddex meelod ayaanay u qaybsan yihiin. Meeli waa laba min. Meelina waa afar iyo toban. Min Meesha hadhayna waa hal min. Lixiyo toban laballabay u walaale tahay. Waa kuwane baro:

1. Jamiic
2. Dariiq

[Min Toddobaaddo]

3. Laaxiq
4. Inkiis

5. Ximre
6. Bayaad

[Min Gobaaddo]

7. Baanyaale
8. Garbo-maar

9. Cuqle
10. Istamiic/Caynsare

11. Qabqable
12. Min Subagle

[Min Shanaaddo]

13. Wadaha-Weyne
14. Guntane

15. Min Yulkhad
16. Kowshac

[Dhaar]

17. Saddex Alif